Posted by: Sally Ingraham | May 14, 2009

The Invention of Hugo Cabret

Hugo Cabretby Brian Selznick

I found this book while shelving at my library during a volunteering stint. I had never heard of it before, but one quick flip through proved it to be highly interesting. I couldn’t take it home that day but I added it to the TBR list that I keep on my iPhone. Throughout the next couple of weeks I came across reviews on other blogs which were full of praise (Bethany and Claire).

I finally picked it up three days ago, thinking it would be a good thing to read while simultaneously finishing the last 100 pages of the second volume of Proust. However, I sped through all 530 pages of it in the space of two slow shifts at the theater!

The story is simple – a young boy lives within the walls of a busy Paris train station, keeping the clocks running after his drunkard uncle disappears. He is systematically stealing small toys from a booth at the station because he needs the parts to fix a mechanical man that his father was working on right before he died in a fire. When he is finally caught by the mysterious old man who runs the toy booth, the gears of his life start popping out. A precious notebook is taken from him, the old man’s goddaughter is determined to find out all his secrets, and the station master begins to noticing that the clocks are starting to slow down…

What makes this rather predictable plot original are the 284 pages of drawings that push the story into a new type of reading experience. The illustrations often pick up and carry the action along for a few pages, before slipping seamlessly back into text. I liked what Claire said about the images looking like the storyboard for a movie. They’re full of dramatic elements. One chase sequence had me flipping pages so fast that I nearly tore one out!

Aside from the drawings, the aspect of the book that I liked best was it’s historical and true context. The cinematic theme is very strong, and throughout the story a variety of old movies are mentioned (several of which are now on my TBW list!) The old toymaker (mild spoiler ahead, sorry) is revealed to be Georges Melies, who was an early filmmakers and a pioneer in special effects and the limits of what was possible at the time. He made over 500 movies, which were anywhere from 1 minute to 45 minutes long. The most famous of these is A Trip to the Moon, made in 1902. A large portion of these films were destroyed – melted down to make shoe heels during WW1! It’s been in the back of my head to track down some of the films that survived and are still available – now would be a good time to do so.

The other really cool thing about the book is that there is a real life mechanical man who can write and draw. The inspiration for Selznick’s book was a real automaton, which really did get nearly destroyed in a fire and then when it was fixed, started drawing and writing poems! The Maillardet automaton is now housed at the Franklin Institute, and they have some history about it and some YouTube videos of the little fellow in action here.

On the whole The Invention of Hugo Cabret is really interesting and quite a wonderful, and different, experience. I definitely recommend it. 🙂

Posted by: Sally Ingraham | May 13, 2009

Pride and Prejudice and Zombies

Zombiesby Jane Austen and Seth Grahame-Smith

I have never read a continuation of or a retelling of Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen until now, although there are plenty of them out there. To me the story was always perfect the way it was. However, I am horrified to admit that when I found out about Pride and Prejudice and Zombies I thought it was the funniest concept I had heard of in a long time. Some kid with too much time on his hands had taken the original text of Jane Austen’s novel, and inserted “ultraviolent zombie mayhem”. Something about the image of Elizabeth Bennet hitching up her skirts and whopping a zombie’s head off possessed me to buy a copy of the book, as well as one of the original (which oddly enough I didn’t have yet).

I started both books simultaneously, comparing them chapter to chapter. It first that was highly entertaining. The first line immediately made me laugh out loud:

‘It is a truth universally acknowledged that a zombie in possession of brains must be in want of more brains.’

In Seth Grahame-Smith’s version a large portion of the text is the same as Austen’s, although it is slightly abridged. Some of his allusions to the strange plague that has spread across England are just in passing; for instance when Jane goes alone on horseback to Netherfield park, it’s not just the threat of rain, but the far more dangerous threat of a zombie attack that worries Elizabeth. Often Grahame-Smith is less subtle, as when the next day Elizabeth in turn walks to Netherfield, and actually has to dispatch several zombies. Balls and cozy gatherings are disrupted by zombie attacks, and the Bennet girls spend large parts of every day training and honing their considerable skills in zombie warfare. Of course, when they marry they will have to give up fighting, but until then the Bennet girls are known around that part of the country not only for their beauty, but their skill with the blade! And of course Mr. Darcy has slaughtered thousands of ‘unmentionables’.

I soon gave up reading the original Pride and Prejudice, because as always I was getting entirely caught up in Austen’s lovely writing. Switching over to Grahame-Smith’s zombified work was annoying because of the repetition, and the additional events seemed quite jarring. It was apparent after a few chapters how the book was going to work, so setting Austen aside I succumbed entirely to Grahame-Smith.

Overall it was a very silly book, one that made me giggle incredulously, roll my eyes, and laugh out loud. The scene where Darcy first proposes to Elizabeth had me snickering most inappropriately, as their fiery exchange was accompanied by furious kicks and jabbings of the fire poker and stumbles into the corner of the mantle. Several scenes made me squeal, “Gross!!” and then of course grin horribly.

Although I enjoyed this adaptation of Pride and Prejudice, oddly enough it hasn’t increased my interest in reading any others. In fact I am even less interested. The story is still perfect the way it is. Certainly if zombies can’t make it a more entertaining book, nothing else could, and for me, now that my curiosity is satisfied, I can happily do without the ‘unmentionables’!

Posted by: Sally Ingraham | May 8, 2009

Absurdistan

AbsurdistanDir. by Veit Helmer
Staring Kristyna Malérová, Max Mauff, and Nino Chkheidze

This perfectly lovely movie has been playing at the theater for the last couple of days, and even though I have been covering shifts for a traveling coworker, I still managed to see pretty much the whole thing.

It is about a little town “somewhere between Europe and Asia” where there is a serious water shortage. The women in the town, sick and tired of their men being too lazy to fix the rusted water pipe, go on a sex strike until something is done and water returns to the village. Two teenage lovers who have been waiting until the proper alignment of the stars to share their first night are frustrated by this turn of events, and the boy desperately comes up with various schemes to rectify the situation.

The film has very little dialogue, and reminded me of Buster Keaton’s work – the mix of serious plights with comic solutions. I loved the boy, Temelko. He was such a tangle of seductive goofiness, so innocent in his desire to woo Aya into his bed, and at the same time willing to risk life and limb for her happiness.

I explored the film’s website this morning and learned all kinds of interesting things. For instance, because there is hardly any dialogue the actors could be gleaned from all over the place. Casting directors from 28 different countries auditioned 2,800 people, and the cast members that were finally chosen came from Hungary, Portugal, the Czech Republic, France, Morocco, Macedonia, Latvia, and Azerbaijan among other places.

The screenplay (which is not based on the book of the same name by Gary Shteyngart, although having discovered it I want to read it!) was inspired by actual events, sort of. According to director Veit Helmer, he was reading a newspaper in a cafe in Berlin in 2001 when he came across a short piece about the Turkish village of Sirt. Apparently the women there were boycotting sex in order to get their men to fix the village’s broken water pipe. By 2003, when Helmer finally managed to visit the village in order to do research for the film he wanted to make, no one had the same story about the event. He decided to make up his own story, and thus Absurdistan.

Perhaps the coolest thing about the production of the film is that, because the locations were remote, Helmer gave workshops about filmmaking and trained people from the villages where he shot to become members of his crew. As a result several short films were produced, one of which went on to win awards.

If you’re in the mood for something light, sweet, and funny definitely check Absurdistan out. As for me, I want to find Helmer’s earlier film, Tuvalu, which is another nearly silent piece, more surreal perhaps, but I hope equally appealing.

Posted by: Sally Ingraham | May 8, 2009

Quilting, Hiking, Reading

I was just reading back through old blog posts, and found the tale of my epic hike through the snowy woods of Ducktrap, ME. My ringing declaration at the end – with new snowshoes under my arm, BRING IT ON WINTER – chimes rather thinly now. I never bought those snowshoes, and I got sick and then the snow melted and the late winter/early spring blues set in. I ventured into the woods so infrequently throughout March and April that I am almost embarrassed.

However, what with work making a more thorough invasion of my life in the last couple of months, I find that I can’t be bothered to feel too badly about my under-utilized legs (and camera…). My adventures in reading have nearly made up for the lack of adventures in my physical life, and now that the weather has improved significantly I have gotten a couple of hikes in and am pretty eager to play outside more.

FireThank goodness it was rainy on Tuesday though, so that I could spend the entire day with an advanced reading copy of Kristin Cashore’s new book Fire – the prequel to Graceling! (While I may not be a book blogger popular enough to regularly receive ARCs, now and then I do have very good connections. You know who you are – thanks!) Fire was totally fabulous, and it was extremely gratifying to find that I can still get through an entire book in the space of a day. Since I do feel a little awkward about ARCs, more on Fire when I reread it in October. 🙂

Besides lacing my hiking boots back on, this week I have pulled out needle and thread and sewn together a couple of teeny tiny quilt blocks. Don’t ask me why (why quilting and why mini) – the inspiration just struck me. After spending 6 1/2 hours at Our New England Country Store and 4 hours at Reel Pizza Cinerama, and even though I greeted the world around 6 o’clock in the morning, two nights in a row now I have stayed up late giving myself eye strain (and avoiding reading Proust). Last night I went so far as to sew said quilt block while watching Spartacus – another 3 hour epic delivered by Kubrick. Over-industriousness has stung me!

Nothing else very exciting to report -oh, except for this super interesting project that a fellow reader, writer, and knitting genius is working on. I discovered The Family Trunk Project through Emily’s book blog, Evening All Afternoon. She is designing garments inspired by members of her family tree, and has collected biographies and stories about them which accompany the projects that she has completed. You have to check it out! I wish that my knitting skills were up to trying several of her patterns. Who knows, once the quilting bee has buzzed away perhaps I’ll pull out bigger needles and got for it!

Crafting, reading, hiking, watching movies, trying to slide a little sleep in there edgewise – life goes merrily on. 🙂

Posted by: Sally Ingraham | May 6, 2009

The Complete Saki

SakiIn April I read a review of a short story by Saki on Eva’s blog, and was so intrigued that I almost bought The Complete Saki that day. Tight purse strings convinced me to inter-library loan it instead. When it arrived a week and a half later, the desire to start in on the fabulously funny short stories compelled me to finish reading Hopscotch!

So far I have read the first three collections – Reginald, Reginald in Russia, and The Chronicles of Clovis. They were thoroughly delightful. The author, Hector Hugh Monro – who used Saki as his pseudonym – published several other short story collections as well as three plays and three novels. Born in Burma in 1870 to a senior official in the Burma police, Saki was brought up in Devonshire, traveled throughout Europe with his father, joined the Burma police for year, then became a foreign correspondent for the Morning Post in the Balkans, Russia, and Paris. He died fairly young, in 1916, mixed up with WWI at Beaumont Hamel.

His life seemed to lend itself well to keeping his finger on the pulse of English Edwardian life, among other things, and it is the rather foolish escapades of the upper crust that the stories I read were about. Reginald and Clovis, the narrators, instigators, and very well dressed heroes of these three collections, are similar in their mischievous attempts to keep the duchesses and elderly aunts of their acquaintance off balance. Reginald seems to do it with slightly less wit, but both young men rise equally well to the challenge of reminding everyone just how silly they are.

In the first collection – Reginald, – Reginald gets up to various types of mischief and gives his opinions on several matters very loudly and pointedly. In the second collection – Reginald in Russia – Reginald figures less prominently, and the pieces are often absurd tales with abrupt, ironic endings. One of my favorites was The Mouse, where a man on a train journey finds that he has a mouse inside his clothes and is forced to undress, all the while hoping the sleeping lady sharing his compartment won’t wake. When she does, he spends the rest of the trip huddled beneath a rug, frantically making up stories about malaria and wondering how on earth he’ll get his clothes back on before they reach the station. In a final panic he throws the rug to the wind and bares all, and then…the punchline.

Clovis is definitely the hero of his own life and all the stories in The Chronicles of Clovis, although his roll is often storyteller. He is one of those infuriating people that one tolerates because they keep things interesting. Certainly that can be the only reason he wasn’t drowned at birth, something his Aunt and the Baroness whose house he frequents may sometimes regret. A classic escapade can be found in The Unrest-Cure, where Clovis overhears a man on a train regretting that he and his middle-aged sister are already living as though they were far older. They dislike any kind of excitement or deviation from their normal schedule. His friend suggests an ‘unrest-cure’, some vigorous action to shake them back into being spontaneous and young again. Clovis, being Clovis, decides he will inflict his own variety of ‘unrest-cure’ upon the fellow. When the poor man receives a telegram informing him of the momentary arrival of the Bishop, Clovis’ cure has only just begun.

Although I am abandoning these snarky, hilarious stories for the moment, I am thoroughly pleased to have discovered Saki (thank you Eva!) and will probably have to purchase the book after all. I’ll leave you with this delicious scene that made me giggle, while being abundantly true:

From The Match-Maker
‘Six minutes later Clovis approached the supper-table, in the blessed expectancy of one who has dined sketchily and long ago.
“I’m starving,” he announced, making an effort to sit down gracefully and read the menu at the same time.
“So I gathered,” said his host, “from the fact that you were nearly punctual. I ought to have told you that I’m a Food Reformer. I’ve order two bowls of bread-and-milk and some health biscuits. I hope you don’t mind.”
Clovis pretended afterwards that he didn’t go white above the collar-line for the fraction of a second.
“All the same,” he said, “you ought not to joke about such things. There really are such people. I’ve known people who’ve met them. To think of all the adorable things there are to eat in the world, and then to go through life munching sawdust and being proud of it.”
“They’re like the Flagellants of the Middle Ages, who went about mortifying themselves.”
“They had some excuse,” said Clovis. ” They did it to save their immortal souls, didn’t they? You needn’t tell me that a man who doesn’t love oysters and asparagus and good wines has got a soul, or a stomach either. He’s simply got the instinct for being unhappy highly developed.” ‘

Truly, a man after my own heart, at least on some points!

Posted by: Sally Ingraham | May 2, 2009

Saint Clara

Starring Lucy Dubinchik

Saint ClaraI tracked down another movie made by Ari Folman, the director of Waltz With Bashir, and it did not disappoint. Saint Clara, made in 1995 and set in a futuristic 1999 Israel, is about a group of clever, hardly controllable junior high students. The new girl, a pretty Russian immigrant with clairvoyant talents, helps mastermind a classroom-wide cheating scheme, allowing everyone to get perfect scores on an algebra test. Interrogations from teacher and principal follows, friendships are lost, the lottery is nearly won, and first love blossoms.

What could be a straightforward story, in the hands of Ari Folman (joined by Ori Sivan as co-director), turns into a playful, crazy ramble through the lives of the people that Clara encounters. The gentle twists and turns of the plot keep you slightly off balance, just enough so that you stay engaged in what is kind of a jumble of events loosely strung together.

These episodes are fascinating by themselves, if somewhat surreal – the math teacher tells a tale about beating Bobby Fisher at a game of chess, the TV is always showing the same bizarrely dressed newswoman reporting on catastrophes, the main group of friends frequently tromps through a swamp to sit on a marooned couch and plot, etc.

Music by Barry Saharov kept things lively, and little visual details continue to keep the film fresh in my mind. I liked it very much, and I am quite curious to find a copy of the book that it is based on, which was written by Czech author Pavel Kohout. Meanwhile, I have one of my co-workers from the theater searching through his ample resources for more of Ari Folman’s work. We’ll see what turns up!

Posted by: Sally Ingraham | April 29, 2009

On a Phantom Limb

AndrewsLast night – a rare Tuesday night free from the theatre – I attended the Maine premier of Nancy Andrews’ new film, On a Phantom Limb. Andrews is a faculty member at College of the Atlantic here in Bar Harbor, where she teaches video and performance arts. She’s been making films for over 20 years, and she recently received a Guggenheim Fellowship.

That’s about all I knew about her, and so with my boyfriend in tow, I arrived at the Gates Center on the COA campus and took a seat among students and other members of the community, ready for anything.

The evening began with some lovely improvisational saxophone music played by John Cooper – another faculty member and local composer – which was followed by a live performance piece by Laure Drogoul. Using black lights and a green light of some type to cast crazy shadows on the wall, she sang Ground Control to Major Tom and created a rather other-worldly atmosphere.

Afterward a Bugs Bunny cartoon made everyone giggle, and then Drogoul returned with another piece, the music of which I wasn’t familiar with, that involved her wrapping her head up like a mummy. Interesting stuff…!

Finally Andrews’ film was shown. Combining live action, drawings, and animation in a collage-like effect, she wove a dark tale about a woman who undergoes serious surgery which saves her life, but transforms her into a half bird, half human – a bird-woman. Perhaps a statement about the so called wonders of science there – granting the gift of life but at what cost? There were allusions to Frankenstein and Poe, cyborgs were mentioned and telekinetics was attempted.

The film was very abstract, with a fine balance between nightmarish and humorous. I liked the animated sequences, and the sped up drawings. I’m always fascinated by the creativity of people, and the different ways they tell their stories. I wouldn’t say that I wholly understood what Andrews was saying, but I certainly enjoyed the experience of trying to work it out.

Makes me want to pull out my little video camera again and play with moving images. I’m sure Andrews, being a teacher, would be pleased to hear that. 🙂

Posted by: Sally Ingraham | April 25, 2009

OT: Hopscotch by Julio Cortazar – Argentina

HopscotchI finished this book an hour ago, and between customers who wander into the little country store I am overseeing today, I have been reading articles and reviews about it, hoping to get a better handle on what I’ve experienced.

The book is, first and foremost, an experience. While it can be read in the normal fashion up to chapter 56, the true format is one of “hopscotching” – leaping backwards and forwards between the first 56 chapters and 99 “expendable” chapters that follow. One of the strongest emotions I felt while reading was one of unbalance – I had to abandon my normal delight in the ticking away of pages and my resistance to “reading ahead”. I had to take a deep breath and give myself a shake when I read the last lines of the physical book, long before the end of the actual story!

In it’s simplest terms the book is about Horacio Oliveira, an Argentine adrift in Paris, coming to terms with his failings. For awhile his ceaseless search for what path to chose, or which path he ought to have chosen, is set aside by the lovely, simple La Maga. When he loses her, he returns to Argentina and gets tangled up in his best friend’s life, seeing the face of La Maga in his friend’s wife, and arriving at the brink of insanity.

What makes this fairly straightforward tale so interesting is the way Cortazar plays with language, not only crafting lively dialogue, but pulling the reader so much farther into the page, making the reader participate fully. Chapter 34 is a great example of this. It took me a minute to figure out what was going on, but once I had caught on it became one of the most interesting reading experiences in the book:

In September of 1880, a few months after the demise of my
And the things she reads, a clumsy novel, in a cheap edition
father, I decided to give up my business activities, transferring
besides, but you wonder how she can get interested in things
them to another house in Jerez whose standing was as solvent
like this.

How often have you sat reading a book with your thoughts wandering wildly, somehow taking in the words on the page while thinking about other things? In this chapter, Oliveira is reading one of La Maga’s books but is completely unable to focus, and his frenzied thoughts are threaded throughout the narrative of the novel.

In a review by the Quarterly Conversation I found this excellent description:

‘Cortazar does not clutch. Like the best authors, he trusts his readers. He constructs a labyrinth for them and then leaves them to figure it out. Physically, Hopscotch resembles a labyrinth in that it takes readers through its pages via an intricate, twisting path. The same is true for this prose that continually puts ideas in the reader’s head, continually tries to catch her attention and pull her into a maze of interpretation, of clues, characters, words, ideas that point back at one another like, to use Anais Nin’s words (quoted by Cortazar in Hopscotch), “a tower of layers without end.” ‘

Entirely unlike anything I’ve ever read before, Hopscotch drew me in even while it confused the hell out of me. Having finished it I find myself pleasantly puzzled, thoroughly intrigued, and quite relieved that I no longer am within the ranks of those who don’t read Cortazar. As Pablo Neruda once said:

Anyone who doesn’t read Cortázar is doomed. Not to read him is a serious invisible disease which in time can have terrible consequences. Something similar to a man who has never tasted peaches. He would quietly become sadder, noticeably paler and, probably, little by little, he would lose his hair. I don’t want those things to happen to me, and so I greedily devour all the fabrications, myths, contradictions, and mortal games of the great Julio Cortázar.

Posted by: Sally Ingraham | April 23, 2009

Juan Rulfo’s Mexico

I was introduced to Juan Rulfo – Mexican writer, photographer, and art historian/architecture enthusiast – through a contest over at the Orbis Terrarum Challenge blog, which Richard hosted. Although I was not able to guess the name of the mystery author, when he was revealed as Juan Rulfo I was very intrigued by his photographs.

Juan Rulfo's MexicoI made use of my library’s inter-library loan system and was just as excited to receive a copy of Juan Fulfo’s Mexico as if I had actually purchased it. (I heart inter-library loan!)

The book is the only “comprehensive” collection of Rulfo’s photographs available, presenting 175 of them. They are accompanied by 6 essays, one of which was written by Carlos Fuentes whom I discovered as one of the editors of The Vintage Book of Latin American Stories. His essay about Rulfo’s work was my favorite of the collection, which leads me to believe that I should actually read some of his own work!

What struck me about the essays as a group was the inability of the writers to separate Rulfo’s photographs from his written word. He wrote only one novel – Pedro Paramo -and published a collection of short stories titled The Burning Plain. I felt a certain lack of comprehension, having read neither work, while in nearly every essay the discussion relied heavily upon ideas and images from the books.

The authors of the essays were also unified in their opinion that Rulfo’s way of seeing was unique, and that it translated equally, hauntingly well into both his words and his images, or perhaps that together they make a complete vision – Juan Rulfo’s Mexico.

The photographs are all black and white, and the play of light and shadow is often very abrupt. Bright sunshine and thick shade. The subject matter varies from desert landscapes to churches and ruins to scenes of village life and religious ceremony.

There is a bitter sweet beauty to them all – especially the photographs of men, women, and children. To quote Fuentes, these in particular ‘…possess an immediately recognizable richness. It is called dignity. Not always happiness. But dignity, yes.’

My overall feeling after paging through the book several times was one of unsettlement. I loved the photographs, but they did not content me with their beauty – they set me off balance. Fuentes muses on why this might be:

‘…this pure beauty of light and image captured by Rulfo the photographer must not invite us to a careless repose. With Rulfo one must always be alert, and ask, Why such calm, such beauty, such light? We must question the shadows of that light, the restlessness behind such serenity.’

Juan RulfoIt would be hard for me to pick out a favorite photo. So many of them seem like whole stories contained within the camera’s lens. There is the picture of a man, standing among huge agave plants, looking off into the distance. Or the one of a father carrying a son too big to be carried, while the mother follows behind, and they seem to be in a hurry but they are in the middle ground while the foreground is filled with three large beach-ball-like cacti. Or the one of music stands, horns and drums, all abandoned in the foreground while in the background against a backdrop of misty mountains a group of people are sitting on a ridge, perhaps watching the sun set.

Fascinating work. I am so eager to read Rulfo’s written words that I plan on buying the books with my next paycheck. I am almost certain that I will like them. The bits of biographical information in the essays wasn’t nearly enough either. I am very curious about the man behind the camera lens, the man who created and contained in his words and images such ‘healthy unease’.

Posted by: Sally Ingraham | April 23, 2009

Happy Birthday Shakespeare!

ShakespeareAnother gem of information garnered from NPR’s 8 o’clock news – it is the 445th anniversary of Shakespeare’s birth (approx. – his actual birth date is unknown). The mayor of Chicago declared today “Talk Like Shakespeare Day”. The site created for the event is full of fun information. I may have to print out the Shakespeare mask and wear it to work at Reel Pizza Cinerama later today! Meanwhile, I will pepper my speech with “Methinks” and “in sooth” and add plenty of “eth”s to the end of verbs, and if I get upset with anyone I will certainly call them “Thou frothy ill-bred foot-licker!” (Generate your own Shakespearean insults here!)

My favorite play, hands down, is Twelfth Night. The first lines spring to my mind every now and then, and I am possessed with a desire to reread it.

If music be the food of love, play on

Twelfth NightMy sisters and friends and I used to act out scenes from this play, tripping over the unfamiliar phrasing and dissolving into laughter more often than not. I always wanted to play the Clown – I spent some time today looking for my favorite thing he says in the play, and ended up reading a large amount of it and not being able to decide. It’s all so good! 🙂

I’ve never read the complete works, so maybe I’ll add that to my list of things to do this year. I love to hold the physical book in my hands, but just in case, they’re all available online here.

Here’s a little song sung by Feste the Clown, which always seems sad to me, but very lovely:

What is love? ’tis not hereafter;
Present mirth hath present laughter;
What’s to come is still unsure:
In delay there lies no plenty;
Then come kiss me, sweet and twenty,
Youth’s a stuff will not endure.

(And in the back of my head, Sir Toby Belch and Sir Andrew immediately pipe up with, “A mellifluous voice, as I am true knight.” – “A contagious breath.” – “Very sweet and contagious, i’ faith.”)

Happy Birthday Shakespeare!

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